What They Do
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers work on heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR) systems that control the temperature and air quality in buildings.
Duties
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers—often called HVAC technicians—typically do the following:
- Install, maintain, and repair HVACR systems
- Install electrical components and wiring
- Inspect and test HVACR systems and components
- Discuss system malfunctions with customers
- Repair or replace worn or defective parts
- Recommend maintenance to improve system performance
- Keep records of work performed
HVAC technicians ensure that heating and air conditioning systems work properly to control the temperature, humidity, and overall air quality in buildings. Some HVAC technicians specialize in one or more aspects of HVACR, such as radiant heating systems, testing and balancing, or commercial refrigeration in establishments such as grocery stores, hotels, and restaurants. In addition, some technicians focus on installing HVACR systems while others primarily repair and maintain them.
HVAC technicians who specialize in residential systems may sell service contracts to their customers, providing periodic maintenance of heating and cooling systems. The service usually includes inspecting the system, cleaning ducts, replacing filters, and checking refrigerant levels.
When installing or repairing air conditioning and refrigeration systems, technicians must follow regulations regarding the conservation, recovery, and recycling of refrigerants. These regulations concern the proper handling and disposal of fluids and pressurized gases.
For data on workers who service window air conditioners and household refrigerators, see home appliance repairers.
Work Environment
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers held about 425,200 jobs in 2024. The largest employers of heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers were as follows:
| Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors | 70% |
| Self-employed workers | 5 |
| Wholesale trade | 3 |
| Educational services; state, local, and private | 3 |
| Retail trade | 3 |
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers (HVAC technicians) work in homes, schools, hospitals, and other buildings. Technicians may be assigned to a single jobsite or to several locations at the beginning of the day. They then travel to each site, making service calls.
Although most technicians work indoors, some may service or repair equipment outdoors in all types of weather. Technicians often work in awkward or cramped spaces, and some work in buildings that are uncomfortable because the air conditioning or heating system is not working properly.
Injuries and Illnesses
HVAC technicians have one of the highest rates of injuries and illnesses of all occupations. Potential hazards include burns from electrical parts or chemicals and muscle strains or sprains from handling heavy equipment or machinery.
Appropriate safety equipment is necessary in handling refrigerants, which are hazardous. HVAC technicians reduce their risk of injury by using proper lifting technique and wearing personal protective equipment. This gear may include special clothing, safety goggles, or masks.
Work Schedules
Most HVAC technicians work full time, and schedules may vary to include evening or weekend shifts. They may be on call for emergencies and sometimes work overtime or irregular schedules during peak heating and cooling seasons.
How to Become One
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers typically need a postsecondary nondegree award, although some enter the occupation with less education. Once hired, they typically have a lengthy period of on-the-job training to attain competency. These workers may need a license or certification.
Pay
The median annual wage for heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers was $59,810 in May 2024.
Job Outlook
Employment of heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers is projected to grow 8 percent from 2024 to 2034, much faster than the average for all occupations.
About 40,100 openings for heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.